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Palo Alto Networks Network Security Analyst Sample Questions:
1. A new internal application handles confidential financial transactions. The security team needs to ensure that only authenticated users from specific source IP subnets can access this application, and all traffic to and from the application must be inspected for threats. Additionally, application-specific logging needs to be enabled for auditing purposes. Which security policy configuration elements are crucial for achieving this granular control and visibility on a Palo Alto Networks firewall?
A) Application Override, URL Category, Action: Allow, No Logging
B) Source Zone, Destination Zone, Application, Service, Action: Allow, Log at Session Start
C) Source Zone, Destination Zone, Source Address, Destination Address, Application, Service, User-ID, Profile Group (Antivirus, Anti-Spyware, Vulnerability Protection, URL Filtering, File Blocking, Data Filtering), Action: Allow, Log at Session End.
D) Source User, Destination User, Service, Action: Allow, Log at Session Start, Captive Portal
E) Source Address, Destination Address, Service, Action: Deny, Log at Session End
2. An organization is leveraging Palo Alto Networks Panorama for managing its Next-Generation Firewalls and GlobalProtect. They need to implement dynamic access control for remote users based on their device posture (e.g., patch level, anti-virus status) reported by a third-party Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solution. This posture information needs to be consumed by GlobalProtect Security Policies. Which of the following approaches leverages Panorama and its integration capabilities most effectively to achieve this, including an example of how the EDR data might influence policy?
A) The EDR solution sends syslog messages to a SIEM. The SIEM then sends API calls to Panorama to create or modify 'Dynamic Address Groups' based on device posture tags. GlobalProtect policies reference these DAGs. An example DAG filter might be: '(tag eq 'compliance-failed')' which is then used in a security policy: '(source-user is 'any') AND (source is 'DAG_Compliance_FaiIed') THEN (action is 'block'V
B) Configure the EDR solution to export device posture to a CSV file. Manually upload this CSV to Panorama regularly to update custom address objects that are then used in GlobalProtect policies.
C) Integrate the EDR solution with Palo Alto Networks' 'User-ID' feature to map IP addresses to EDR-provided attributes. GlobalProtect Security Policies then utilize 'User-ID' group mapping for dynamic access control. An example might be: '(user-id is 'quarantined_group') AND (application is 'any') THEN (action is 'deny')
D) Set up a scheduled task on Panorama to pull device posture information directly from the EDR's API every hour. This information is stored as custom variables, which are then referenced in GlobalProtect security policies. An example variable might be '_edr_posture_status_'.
E) Directly configure the GlobalProtect Gateways to query the EDR solution for each user's posture during authentication, and then apply a security profile based on the EDR response.
3. A large enterprise is deploying SD-WAN across 100+ branch offices using Panorama'. Each branch has a primary internet link and a secondary LTE link. The requirement is for all mission-critical applications (e.g., SAP, Salesforce) to exclusively use the primary internet link if its path quality (latency, jitter, packet loss) meets a predefined SLA. If the primary link degrades, these applications should automatically failover to the LTE link. Non-critical traffic should be load-balanced across both links. Which SD-WAN configuration elements are MOST crucial to implement this design efficiently and scalably from Panorama, assuming consistent policy across branches?
A) Utilize 'Service Routes' to statically route critical applications over the primary link and non-critical over the LTE, then apply 'BGP Conditional Advertisements' to handle failover based on link health.
B) Create a 'PBP (Policy Based Forwarding) rule for critical applications to force them over the primary interface, and a second PBF rule for non-critical traffic to load balance across interfaces. Use an 'SLA Monitoring' profile to trigger the PBF rules.
C) A single SD-WAN profile applied to a template stack, containing two SD-WAN policy rules: one for mission-critical apps with a 'Performance-Based' path selection referencing a 'High_SLA_ProfiIe' and prioritizing the primary link, and another rule for non-critical apps with 'Session Distribution' load balancing.
D) Define two 'Path Monitoring' profiles: one for the primary link with strict SLA thresholds, and another for the LTE link with looser thresholds. Then, create two SD-WAN policy rules per application (critical/non-critical) that reference these path monitoring profiles directly.
E) Separate SD-WAN profiles for each application type (critical and non-critical), each assigned to specific virtual routers. The critical application profile would use 'Best Quality' path selection, and the non-critical would use 'Weighted Round Robin'.
4. Consider the following firewall policy configuration snippet from a Panorama managed firewall:
An analyst observes internal users are still able to browse external HTTP websites, contradicting the 'Block-External-Browsing' rule. Using Policy Optimizer, Command Center, and Activity Insights, what is the most likely reason for this behavior, and how would these tools help identify and rectify it? (Select all that apply)
A) Most Likely Reason: The firewall is not configured to perform App-ID on HTTP traffic. Tool Action: Activity Insights would show traffic categorized as 'unknown- tcp' instead of 'web-browsing' for HTTP. Command Center would display sessions with 'unknown-tcp' as the application.
B) Most Likely Reason: The 'Block-External-Browsing' rule is placed lower in the rulebase than 'Allow-Internal-HTTP'. Tool Action: Policy Optimizer's 'Rule Order' view would visually indicate the incorrect placement. Command Center session logs would confirm traffic hitting 'Allow-Internal-HTTP' instead of 'Block-External-Browsing'.
C) Most Likely Reason: Users are bypassing the firewall using a VPN. Tool Action: Activity Insights would show a drop in 'web-browsing' activity but an increase in VPN application usage. Command Center would show VPN tunnel traffic bypassing policy checks.
D) Most Likely Reason: The 'service' in 'Block-External-Browsing' is 'any', making it less specific than 'Allow-Internal-HTTP' and thus being hit first for internal traffic. Tool Action: Policy Optimizer would recommend making the 'Block-External-Browsing' rule more specific, possibly by adding a source or destination zone.
E) Most Likely Reason: The 'Allow-Internal-HTTP' rule is shadowing 'Block-External-Browsing'. Tool Action: Policy Optimizer would highlight 'Allow-Internal-HTTP' as a shadowed rule or show its 'usage' affecting external traffic. Command Center would show sessions hitting 'Allow-Internal-HTTP' for external destinations.
5. An organization is deploying a new application that uses non-standard ports for critical services and requires strict compliance logging of all access attempts, regardless of success or failure. The security team needs to ensure these specific sessions are always logged and accessible in Strata Logging Service with high fidelity. What configuration elements on the Palo Alto Networks firewall and within Strata Logging Service are essential to meet this requirement, and how can log volume be managed efficiently for these specific services without impacting performance?
A) On firewall: Create a security policy rule for the application traffic, set the 'Action' to 'allow', and ensure 'Log at Session Start' and 'Log at Session End' are enabled. For compliance, also create a 'deny' rule before the 'allow' rule with 'Log at Session Start' enabled for the same traffic to capture failed attempts. Use a 'Custom Log Forwarding Profile' attached to these rules, configured to send relevant log types (e.g., traffic, threat, url) to Strata Logging Service. Strata Logging Service automatically handles volume.
B) On firewall: Create a security policy rule allowing the application traffic and set the 'Action' to 'allow' with 'Log at Session End' enabled. In Strata Logging Service: Configure a dedicated log profile for the application to push logs to a separate data bucket.
C) On firewall: Use an 'Intra-Zone' policy with 'Log at Session End' and configure a syslog profile to send logs to a local syslog server, not Strata Logging Service, for better control over log volume.
D) On firewall: Enable packet capture for the specific ports and export PCAP files to Strata Logging Service for analysis. In Strata Logging Service: Utilize the PCAP viewer to analyze sessions.
E) On firewall: Configure mirroring of all traffic to a dedicated sensor that forwards logs directly to Strata Logging Service. In Strata Logging Service: Define a custom dashboard for the mirrored logs.
Solutions:
Question # 1 Answer: C | Question # 2 Answer: A,C | Question # 3 Answer: C | Question # 4 Answer: B,E | Question # 5 Answer: A |