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1. Service Consumer A sends a request to Service A (1). Service A replies with an acknowledgement message (2) and then processes the request and sends a request message to Service B (3). This message contains confidential financial data. Service B sends three different request messages together with its security credentials to Services C.
D.
and E (4, 5, 6). Upon successful authentication, Services C.
D. and E store the data from the message in separate databases (7.8, 9). Services B.
C.D, and E belong to Service Inventory A, which further belongs to Organization B.
Service Consumer A and Service A belong to Organization A.
Organization B decides to create a new service inventory (Service Inventory B) for services that handle confidential data. Access to these services is restricted by allocating Service Inventory B its own private network. Access to this private network is further restricted by a dedicated firewall. Services C, D and E are moved into Service Inventory B, and as a result. Service B can no longer directly access these services.
How can this architecture be changed to allow Service B to access Services C, D and E in a manner that does not jeopardize the security of Service Inventory B while also having a minimal impact on the service composition's performance?
A) The Service Perimeter Guard pattern is applied together with the Brokered Authentication pattern. A new perimeter service is created to intercept all request messages sent to services inside the private network (inside Service Inventory B), before they reach the firewall. The perimeter service also acts as the authentication broker that authenticates request messages sent to Services C, D, and E by evaluating the accompanying security credentials and issuing a security token to be used by Service B when accessing Services C, D, and E.
B) The Data Confidentiality pattern is applied together with the Direct Authentication pattern. A new utility service is created to validate request messages sent to Service Inventory B.
Service B must encrypt the message content using the utility service's public key and attach its own digital certificate to the request message. This message is first evaluated by the firewall to filter out requests from disallowed sources and can then be forwarded to the utility service, which then verifies the identity of the message originator (using a digital certificate) and decrypts the request message contents. If the originator is authorized to access Services C, D, and E, the appropriate request messages are sent to these services.
C) The Service Perimeter Guard pattern is applied together with the Message Screening pattern. A new perimeter service is created specifically for Service Inventory B.
This service filters all messages before they reach the firewall and further evaluates the IP address of the messages to verify the identity of the message originators. If the originator is successfully authenticated, then the perimeter guard checks the request message for potentially malicious content. If the request message does not contain malicious content, it is sent through the firewall to proceed to Services C, D, and E for further processing.
D) The Brokered Authentication pattern is applied by extending the firewall functionality with a single sign-on mechanism. Because the firewall already restricts accesses to Service Inventory B, adding authentication logic to the firewall optimizes the performance of the overall security architecture. Service B needs to be authenticated by the authentication broker only once in order to get a security token that can be used to access Services C, D, and E.
This eliminates the need for Service B to authenticate several times during the same service composition.
2. Service A provides a customized report generating capability. Due to infrastructure limitations, the number of service consumers permitted to access Service A concurrently is strictly controlled. Service A validates request messages based on the supplied credentials (1). If the authentication of the request message is successful, Service A sends a message to Service B (2) to retrieve the required data from Database A (3). Service A stores the response from Service B (4) in memory and then issues a request message to Service C (5). Service C retrieves a different set of data from Database A (6) and sends the result back to Service A (7). Service A consolidates the data received from Services B and C and sends the generated report in the response message to its service consumer (8).
This service composition was recently shut down after it was discovered that Database A had been successfully attacked twice in a row. The first type of attack consisted of a series of coordinated request messages sent by the same malicious service consumer, with the intention of triggering a range of exception conditions within the database in order to generate various error messages. The second type of attack consisted of a service consumer sending request messages with malicious input with the intention of gaining control over the database server. This attack resulted in the deletion of database records and tables. An investigation revealed that both attacks were carried out by malicious service consumers that were authorized.
How can the service composition security architecture be improved to prevent these types of attacks?
A) Apply the Data Confidentiality pattern together with the Data Origin Authentication pattern. This establishes message-level security so that all messages are encrypted and digitally signed. Secondly, the Service A logic must be enhanced so that it can keep track of the trustworthiness of its service consumers If a request message originated from a trustworthy service consumer, then the request message is processed as normal. If the request message originates from a non-trustworthy service consumer, then the request message is rejected and an error message is returned to the service consumer.
B) Apply the Trusted Subsystem pattern to protect Database A from data-driven attacks and to evaluate whether database responses contain inappropriate data. The trusted subsystem maintains a snapshot of Database A and executes the original service consumer's request message against the snapshot. The processing logic that accesses the snapshot has limited privileges in order to prevent malicious attacks from overtaking the database. If no security violation is detected during the processing of the snapshot, then the original service consumer's request is forwarded to Database A.
If an error message is generated during the processing of the snapshot, then it is returned to the original service consumer and the request is not forwarded to Database A.
Because the error message was generated on the snapshot, it cannot contain unsafe information about Database A.
C) Apply the Service Perimeter Guard pattern together with the Trusted Subsystem pattern.
This establishes a perimeter service between Database A and any service that requires access to it (including Services B and C). The perimeter service evaluates incoming data requests and filters out those that can introduce a security risk. Only request messages issued by authorized services and service consumers are forwarded to Database A.
Responses originating from Database A are further evaluated by the trusted subsystem to remove any unauthorized data. The two patterns together ensure that only authorized data is returned to the service consumer and that no request messages present a security threat to Database A.
D) Apply the Exception Shielding pattern together with the Message Screening pattern.
This establishes new logic within Service A that screens incoming request messages for data-driven attacks (such as SQL injection and XPath injection attacks), and also evaluates whether exception details returned by Database A contains potentially confidential or unsafe information. Any inappropriate exception information is replaced with sanitized content.
3.
A) Each record in Database A is classified as either private or public. After Service A is invoked by a service consumer (1), it authenticates the request message using an identity store and retrieves the corresponding authorization (2, 3). Once authorized, the service consumer's request is submitted to Database A (4), which then returns the requested data (5) If the service consumer has private access permissions, all of the returned data is included in Service A's response message (6). If the service consumer has public access permissions, then Service A first filters the data in order to remove all unauthorized private data records, before sending to the response message to the service consumer (6).
An investigation recently detected that private data has been leaked to unauthorized service consumers. An audit of the Service A architecture revealed that Service A's filtering logic is flawed, resulting in situations where private data was accidentally shared with service consumers that only have public access permissions. Further, it was discovered that attackers have been monitoring response messages sent by Service A in order to capture private data. It is subsequently decided to split Database A into two databases: one containing only private data (the Private Database) and the other containing only public data (the Public Database).
What additional changes are necessary to address these security problems?
B) The Service A logic needs to be modified to work with the two new databases. Service A needs to be able to access the Public Database and the Private Database when it receives a request message from a service consumer with private access permissions, and it must only access the Public Database when it receives a request message from a service consumer with public access permissions. Furthermore, any response messages issued by Service A containing private data need to be encrypted.
C) After the service consumer's request message is authenticated. Service A can generate a one-time symmetric encryption key that it sends to the service consumer. This key is encrypted by the public key of the service consumer. After the service consumer acknowledges the receipt of the one-time encryption key, Service A forwards the service consumer's data access request (and the corresponding credentials) to both databases.
After receiving the responses from the databases, Service A compiles the results into a single response message. This message is encrypted with the one-time key and sent by Service A to the service consumer.
D) A utility service needs to be created and positioned between Service A and the service consumer. The utility service can contain screening logic that can verify the service consumer's credentials and then forward the request message to the Private Database or to the Public Database, depending on the service consumer's access permissions.
Because each request message is evaluated by the database, no filtering of the returned data is necessary. The data is sent back to the consumer in a response message encrypted using symmetric key encryption.
E) The Service A architecture can be enhanced with certificate-based authentication of service consumers in order to avoid dependency on the identity store. By using digital certificates, Service A can authenticate a service consumer's request message and then forward the data access request to the appropriate database. After receiving the responses from the databases, Service A can use the service consumer's public key to encrypt the response message that is sent to the service consumer.
問題與答案:
問題 #1 答案: A | 問題 #2 答案: D | 問題 #3 答案: A,B |
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